other:Article Title: Succinate causes α-SMA production through GPR91 activation in hepatic stellate cells.
Article Snippet: Succinate acts as an extracellular signaling molecule as well as an intermediate in the citric acid cycle.. It binds to and activates its specific G protein-coupled receptor 91 (GPR91).. GPR91 is present in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), but its role in hepatic fibrogenesis remains unclear.
Article Title: Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) Regulates α-Smooth Muscle Actin (α-SMA) Production through the Succinate Dehydrogenase-G Protein-coupled Receptor 91 (GPR91) Pathway in Hepatic Stellate Cells
Article Snippet: DMEM completely deficient in methionine and choline (MCD medium) and a methionine and choline supplement (MCS medium, control medium) were purchased from Welgene (Kyeongsan, Korea).
Expressing:Article Title: Growth differentiation factor 15 ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and related metabolic disorders in mice
Article Snippet: .. For analysis of GDF15 expression in an in vitro NASH model, Hepa1c1c7, KUP5 and hTERT-HSC cells were seeded at 6-well plates, incubated for 24 h and maintained in serum-free DMEM for 24 h. Cells were then incubated in MCD medium (WelGENE Inc.) or control DMEM for 18 h. To analyze fibrotic gene expression, serum-starved hTERT-HSCs and primary mouse HSCs were pre-treated with recombinant GDF15 (0.3, 1, 50 or 100 ng/ml) for 30 min, and then were incubated with recombinant TGFβ1 (2.5 ng/ml) for 18 h. .. Total RNA was isolated from various cells or liver tissues using Hybrid-R or Ribospin TM II Kit (GeneAll Biotechnology) according to the manufacturer’s instruction. cDNA was synthesized from 2 μg of total RNA using Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus (MMLV)-reverse transcriptase (Promega) and oligo(T) primer at 42 °C for 1 h. An aliquot (1/160 vol) of the cDNA was then subjected to PCR amplification using mouse or human gene-specific primers (Supplementary Table ).
In Vitro:Article Title: Growth differentiation factor 15 ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and related metabolic disorders in mice
Article Snippet: .. For analysis of GDF15 expression in an in vitro NASH model, Hepa1c1c7, KUP5 and hTERT-HSC cells were seeded at 6-well plates, incubated for 24 h and maintained in serum-free DMEM for 24 h. Cells were then incubated in MCD medium (WelGENE Inc.) or control DMEM for 18 h. To analyze fibrotic gene expression, serum-starved hTERT-HSCs and primary mouse HSCs were pre-treated with recombinant GDF15 (0.3, 1, 50 or 100 ng/ml) for 30 min, and then were incubated with recombinant TGFβ1 (2.5 ng/ml) for 18 h. .. Total RNA was isolated from various cells or liver tissues using Hybrid-R or Ribospin TM II Kit (GeneAll Biotechnology) according to the manufacturer’s instruction. cDNA was synthesized from 2 μg of total RNA using Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus (MMLV)-reverse transcriptase (Promega) and oligo(T) primer at 42 °C for 1 h. An aliquot (1/160 vol) of the cDNA was then subjected to PCR amplification using mouse or human gene-specific primers (Supplementary Table ).
Incubation:Article Title: Growth differentiation factor 15 ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and related metabolic disorders in mice
Article Snippet: .. For analysis of GDF15 expression in an in vitro NASH model, Hepa1c1c7, KUP5 and hTERT-HSC cells were seeded at 6-well plates, incubated for 24 h and maintained in serum-free DMEM for 24 h. Cells were then incubated in MCD medium (WelGENE Inc.) or control DMEM for 18 h. To analyze fibrotic gene expression, serum-starved hTERT-HSCs and primary mouse HSCs were pre-treated with recombinant GDF15 (0.3, 1, 50 or 100 ng/ml) for 30 min, and then were incubated with recombinant TGFβ1 (2.5 ng/ml) for 18 h. .. Total RNA was isolated from various cells or liver tissues using Hybrid-R or Ribospin TM II Kit (GeneAll Biotechnology) according to the manufacturer’s instruction. cDNA was synthesized from 2 μg of total RNA using Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus (MMLV)-reverse transcriptase (Promega) and oligo(T) primer at 42 °C for 1 h. An aliquot (1/160 vol) of the cDNA was then subjected to PCR amplification using mouse or human gene-specific primers (Supplementary Table ).
Control:Article Title: Growth differentiation factor 15 ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and related metabolic disorders in mice
Article Snippet: .. For analysis of GDF15 expression in an in vitro NASH model, Hepa1c1c7, KUP5 and hTERT-HSC cells were seeded at 6-well plates, incubated for 24 h and maintained in serum-free DMEM for 24 h. Cells were then incubated in MCD medium (WelGENE Inc.) or control DMEM for 18 h. To analyze fibrotic gene expression, serum-starved hTERT-HSCs and primary mouse HSCs were pre-treated with recombinant GDF15 (0.3, 1, 50 or 100 ng/ml) for 30 min, and then were incubated with recombinant TGFβ1 (2.5 ng/ml) for 18 h. .. Total RNA was isolated from various cells or liver tissues using Hybrid-R or Ribospin TM II Kit (GeneAll Biotechnology) according to the manufacturer’s instruction. cDNA was synthesized from 2 μg of total RNA using Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus (MMLV)-reverse transcriptase (Promega) and oligo(T) primer at 42 °C for 1 h. An aliquot (1/160 vol) of the cDNA was then subjected to PCR amplification using mouse or human gene-specific primers (Supplementary Table ).
Gene Expression:Article Title: Growth differentiation factor 15 ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and related metabolic disorders in mice
Article Snippet: .. For analysis of GDF15 expression in an in vitro NASH model, Hepa1c1c7, KUP5 and hTERT-HSC cells were seeded at 6-well plates, incubated for 24 h and maintained in serum-free DMEM for 24 h. Cells were then incubated in MCD medium (WelGENE Inc.) or control DMEM for 18 h. To analyze fibrotic gene expression, serum-starved hTERT-HSCs and primary mouse HSCs were pre-treated with recombinant GDF15 (0.3, 1, 50 or 100 ng/ml) for 30 min, and then were incubated with recombinant TGFβ1 (2.5 ng/ml) for 18 h. .. Total RNA was isolated from various cells or liver tissues using Hybrid-R or Ribospin TM II Kit (GeneAll Biotechnology) according to the manufacturer’s instruction. cDNA was synthesized from 2 μg of total RNA using Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus (MMLV)-reverse transcriptase (Promega) and oligo(T) primer at 42 °C for 1 h. An aliquot (1/160 vol) of the cDNA was then subjected to PCR amplification using mouse or human gene-specific primers (Supplementary Table ).
Recombinant:Article Title: Growth differentiation factor 15 ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and related metabolic disorders in mice
Article Snippet: .. For analysis of GDF15 expression in an in vitro NASH model, Hepa1c1c7, KUP5 and hTERT-HSC cells were seeded at 6-well plates, incubated for 24 h and maintained in serum-free DMEM for 24 h. Cells were then incubated in MCD medium (WelGENE Inc.) or control DMEM for 18 h. To analyze fibrotic gene expression, serum-starved hTERT-HSCs and primary mouse HSCs were pre-treated with recombinant GDF15 (0.3, 1, 50 or 100 ng/ml) for 30 min, and then were incubated with recombinant TGFβ1 (2.5 ng/ml) for 18 h. .. Total RNA was isolated from various cells or liver tissues using Hybrid-R or Ribospin TM II Kit (GeneAll Biotechnology) according to the manufacturer’s instruction. cDNA was synthesized from 2 μg of total RNA using Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus (MMLV)-reverse transcriptase (Promega) and oligo(T) primer at 42 °C for 1 h. An aliquot (1/160 vol) of the cDNA was then subjected to PCR amplification using mouse or human gene-specific primers (Supplementary Table ).
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